There Is Nothing That Younger Generation Can Teach the Older One Free Essays

There is nothing that younger generation can teach the older one Even though it seems that the older generation knows everything, the youth can still teach something new, because they can instruct elder in the subject of new technology, culture life and provide with incentive new ideas. First of all, the youth helps the elder with the technology of 21 century, such as different technical gadgets as laptops, IPhones, IPods, banks machine or techniques for housework and other. For example, my mom was always bothering my brother about how to work with a computer (sometimes it was really funny to watch how she was afraid of clicking the mouse). We will write a custom essay sample on There Is Nothing That Younger Generation Can Teach the Older One or any similar topic only for you Order Now After some mild lessons, not only she knew how to work with Microsoft Office, but also did she know about how to register on such social network as  «Odnoklasnyky ». Secondly, a lot of people met such problem as generation gap, which is caused by lack of communication between young and older members of a family that is why the younger generation can instruct the older in aspect of youth culture, in order to solve the problem. As an example, there was a program on TV, where a grandfather and his grandson were banjo jumping together, whereas the grandfather was about 60 years old. And now he is going to climb a mountain in China because of the grandson’s influence. Eventually, the youth learn really fast and they are full of exciting ideas and enthusiasm as well, thus they aspire to be successful other people. For instance, there was a boy who at the age of 10 built a music player called the Synapse Media Player that used artificial intelligence to learn the user’s listening habits. Microsoft tried to purchase Synapse, but he denied. Now everyone knows Mark Zuckerberg, who at the age of 20, created the social networking site Facebook. And now he reads lectures for those people who are much older than he is. On the whole, the thought that older generation has nothing to learn from younger generation is false. There will be always something to learn from the younger generation. How to cite There Is Nothing That Younger Generation Can Teach the Older One, Papers

Economics of Law and Organization for Gender-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEconomics of Law and Organization for GenderInequality. Answer: Introduction: The gender inequality is one of the common factors of occupational inequality that can be seen in most of the work places, worldwide. Under this imbalanced situation, women have enjoyed less power over the management and consequently have earned less remuneration compare to that of male employees (Lutter). Hence, at present, various economists and socialists have discussed this topic critically and consequently have intended to find some effective solutions. In 2017, the International Labor Organization (ILO) has prepared a report based on this specified inequality and has provided two suggestions to overcome this (Okonkwo). This essay intends to focus on the first suggestion, which has argued to promote equal remuneration between male and female employees regarding their work, based on equal value. Hence, to understand the overall scenario, a brief literature review is going to be done, after which the essay can analyze about the gender pay gap along with its measurement. Moreover, some suggestions, based on this inequality problem, can be provided in the context of Canada. At the end, this essay intends to provide an appropriate conclusion, based on entire discussion. Literature Review: According to the report of the ILO, global community is experiencing huge challenges due to gender gaps, where men have received more preferences to obtain a job compare to women. Thus, according to the statistical analysis, the present participation rate of global labor force of women is only 49% while for men; it is 27% more. However, between 1997 and 2017, this gap, based on participation rate, has experienced a decreasing trend, worldwide (Ilo.org). At the end of 2017, some countries like Arab States, Northern and Southern America have experienced the highest gaps that exceed 50% points. The worldwide unemployment rate for women has remained 6.2% in 2017 while this rate for male has remained at 5.5%, which in turn has measured the inequality gap by 0.7% (Bowen, et al). According to some predictions, those rates are going to remain unchanged in 2018 as well. However, this rate has varied worldwide, based on economic conditions of different countries. The unemployment rate in emerg ing countries has increased from 0.5% in 2007 to 0.7 % in 2017 (Zimmermann). On the other side, in both developed and developing countries, this rate has remained at 1.8% and 0.5 %, respectively, during the same period. However, for the Arab States and Northern Africa, this condition has remained poor compare to other countries. In the context of employment, only 5.5% men are contributing their labor in family works, while that for women is 15% (Afiouni and Charlotte Karam). By contributing in family works, a person cannot receive fixed remuneration but perform their job under an unorganized sector with great efforts. In developing countries, this condition has influenced to increase the employment gap, significantly. After analyzing those data, the ILO report has suggested that economic benefits can be earned by reducing the participation rate and unemployment rate. By enhancing job opportunities, each country may increase its national income, which in turn can help it to develop its respective economic conditions. Moreover, by employing women, a country can overcome other economic obstacles, for instance, welfare development of women, which in turn can help an economy to experience economic growth (Simmons, et al). In this context, the concerned report has analyzed some socio-economic factors, for instances, marital status, work life balance and lack of transportation that have adversely affected the worldwide employment opportunities of female workers. Hence, it is essential to provide work conformity for both men and women employees as this can further help a country to reduce gender inequality in work places. In addition to this, the specified report has suggested some policies that can help a workplace to reduce this gender discrimination. According to those policies, firstly, a company needs to promote equal remunerations in work places to provide equal values for both male and female workers. Secondly, the society needs to cure the actual causes behind this inequality from its root by providing equal educational rights to both men and women. Lastly, some laws and policies can be implemented to eliminate the gender description within a work place. Gender pay gap and its measurement: The gender pay gap measures the difference between earnings of women and men, representing as a percentage of mens earnings. This internationally based measurement describes the position of women in world economy, that is, the overall position of women within an economy, instead of considering the roles of their works (Blau and Kahn). This gap can be affected by various factors, for instances, biasness and discrimination regarding hiring and pay decisions, unpaid care and domestic work of women, lack of flexibility regarding workplace and impacts of female dominating companies on economy and so on. The size of this gender gap model not only considers the amounts of remunerations paid to men and women employees but also on the way, this payment is measured. This gap is measured based on the hour of payment, which can be divided into full-time pay, median pay and ordinary pay. Hourly pay is considered widely, as it provides a fixed amount of work and does not directly influence the aggregate number of hours of a persons work. On the contrary, the amount of remuneration, received per hour based on the number of working hours per week can affect weekly pay. For part time workers, this way to measure payment is not appropriate (Kaufmann). Annual pay has few criteria to measure pay equity as periods out of work can affect this as well. Hence, based on those different units of measurement, the size of the gap can vary. For instance, the U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics and the U.S Census Bureau have represented that in 2009, womens earnings, among full-time year-round workers aged 16 ye ars and more, have remained 85.5 % of men, based on median hourly pay (Theis et al.). However, this amount has remained 80.2% of mens, when it is measured on the basis of median weekly earning while 77% of mens when this size is measured on the basis of median annual income (Ilo.org). Assumptions/ biases of pay equity: It is often seen that economists prefer the hourly pay to measure earnings as it provides less biased outcomes of the gap. Two assumptions can support this view. Firstly, it is considered that hourly payments can be measured appropriately and secondly, this measurement can represent worker input in a gender-neutral and fair way. Moreover, equality based on hourly earnings, may not show equality regarding the total labor-market rewards. For instances, hourly wage rates sometimes do not consider extra hours if those labor work more than 40 hours in each week (Auspurg, Hinz, and Sauer). However, a negative aspect of hourly pay can also be seen, where it does not consider the hourly rate for those people, whose hourly wage cannot be defined by compensation. Thus, based on some real analysis, it is seen that hourly pay has some drawbacks. Firstly, this measurement does not provide accurate value always as reporting regarding the hours worked may face trouble due to workplace reporting sta ndard. Secondly, during this estimation, both men and women may tend to be biased based on their different requirements, for instance, women sometimes consider that they deserve less amount of remuneration compare to that of men. Hence, from those reasons, it can be said that the exclusive reliance based on hourly earnings to control the seriousness and size of the gender pay gap may mislead others. Thus, to get more realistic and unbiased estimation, it is essential to consider all measures together. Solution in the Canadian context: The standard employment relationships (SER) states about the employment of male workers while non-standard employment relationships (NSER) is represented by female workers. During the era between post Second World War and the mid-1970s, the structure of Canadian labor market has chiefly based on SER. However, this relationship has decreased later while NSERs has increased significantly, which in turn has increased the mismatch between tools of new employment norms and labor regulation (Fortin, Bell, and Bhm). Thus, the country has revised its labor policies to facilitate the feminization of employment. Canada has understood the requirements of new deregulation labor policy, urgent requirement regarding new principles and new employment relationships regulation to refresh the collective bargaining system and a new contract based on gender. Those options have helped this country to develop its labor market further. In conclusion, it can be stated that gender inequality is increasing significantly, which in turn has generated huge pressure on a countrys socio-economic and political condition. This statement can be supported by various statistical data, which has described that women have faced various difficulties all over the world, to find a job. They also have experienced constraint regarding the wage structure and facilities obtained from management. The International Labor Organization has made a report, based on this inequality and at the end, it has suggested two ways to over this constraint. Firstly, through providing same remuneration, the country can overcome this gender inequality. Secondly, ILO has also suggested for analyzing and overcoming the chief causes within society that has generated this inequality. In this context, the essay has described about the Gender pay gap and its measurement process as it helps to understand about difference between earning of female and male employ ees based on mens income. At the end, a solution has been described based on Canadian context. References: "International Labour Organization."Ilo.org. N.p., 2018. Web. 4 Apr. 2018. Afiouni, Fida, and Charlotte Karam. "Debunking Myths Surrounding Womens Careers in the Arab Region."Career Guidance and Livelihood Planning across the Mediterranean. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 2017. 55-70. Auspurg, Katrin, Thomas Hinz, and Carsten Sauer. "Why should women get less? Evidence on the gender pay gap from multifactorial survey experiments."American Sociological Review82.1 (2017): 179-210. Blau, Francine D., and Lawrence M. Kahn. "The gender wage gap: Extent, trends, and explanations."Journal of Economic Literature55.3 (2017): 789-865. Bowen, Paul, et al. "Work-related contact, workfamily conflict, psychological distress and sleep problems experienced by construction professionals: an integrated explanatory model."Construction Management and Economics36.3 (2018): 153-174. Fortin, Nicole M., Brian Bell, and Michael Bhm. "Top earnings inequality and the gender pay gap: Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom."Labour Economics47 (2017): 107-123. Kaufmann, Karen M. "The gender gap."Beyond Red State and Blue State. Routledge, 2017. 104-120. Lutter, Mark. "Do women suffer from network closure? The moderating effect of social capital on gender inequality in a project-based labor market, 1929 to 2010."American Sociological Review80.2 (2015): 329-358. Okonkwo, Peter Obi. "Application of treaties in Nigeria vis--vis the instruments of the international labour organisation."Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journal of International Law and Jurisprudence9.2 (2018): 149-157. Simmons, Sharon A., et al. "Gender gaps and reentry into entrepreneurial ecosystems after business failure."Small Business Economics(2018): 1-15. Theis, Kristina A., et al. "Prevalence and causes of work disability among working-age US adults, 20112013, NHIS."Disability and health journal11.1 (2018): 108-115. Zimmermann, Susan. "Equality of Women's Economic Status? A Major Bone of Contention in the International Gender Politics Emerging During the Interwar Period."The International History Review(2017): 1-28.

Beach Burial Kenneth Slessor Essay Example

Beach Burial Kenneth Slessor Paper Beach Burial – Kenneth Slessor 1944 Kenneth Slessor, author of Beach Burial, was the Australian Official Correspondent in El Alamein, the Middle East during WWII. The author drew from his own experiences to write Beach Burial, a poem about the aftermath of a battle during WWII. It is a realistic and somber tribute to soldiers of all nations that died in the war. It illustrates how they are all united by one common enemy; death. It breaks the conventional war poem structure, as it is not a celebration of heroes, and shows no nationalistic or patriotic devotion. Instead, Kenneth Slessor has written about how soldiers lose their identity in war. He has chosen to start the poem lulling the readers into a false sense of calm, and by understating the calamity, we slowly realize he is talking about the dead soldiers, whether it be allies or enemies, being united. In Beach Burial, the author stresses the importance of all the soldiers being one, with them losing their identity during war, and them being joined together after death. The convoys of dead sailors come imply a repetitiveness and routine in the deaths, where he has dehumanizing them through the blunt language. The breath of wet season has washed their inscriptions/As blue as browned mens lips,. Through his descriptive language and simile, he has illustrated the soldiers washed away, and that their tombstones have no writing on them anymore, making them anonymous. Whether as enemies they fought,/Or fought with us, or neither; the sand joins them together, demonstrates that the men buried in the sands are not only anonymous but are joined together by the sand, whether they were friends or foes. Unknown seaman the ghostly pencil wavers and fades gives anonymity, and the word ghostly echoes the deaths. We will write a custom essay sample on Beach Burial Kenneth Slessor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Beach Burial Kenneth Slessor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Beach Burial Kenneth Slessor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It shows that the pencil is indelible, and that although their bodies will decay, they wont be forgotten because they shall live on through the writing. Slessor utilizes a variety of literary devices and techniques to create a subdued tone. Long, slow, soft sounds (softly, humbly, convoys, sway, wander, rolls, foam) create a melancholy and passive tone. Sibilance in the next stanza of sob, someone and seem supports this ambience, as well as the alliteration of soft sounds and internal rhyme of the words shallows and burrows. The rhyme structure (ABCB) and the use of enjambment create a free flowing poem that suggests that it is very natural, similar to the sea. Phrases like sway and wander and wavers and fades also recreate the waves of the sea, setting the scene of the battleground. The author has incorporated a variety of symbols and imagery to add depth to the poem, writing a more thoughtful tribute. There is irony in the title Beach Burial as the beach is usually associated with fun and enjoyable memories, not devastating ones. The word nakedness in And tread the sand upon their nakedness; depicts the soldiers as being exposed to the elements and therefore vulnerable. And each cross, the driven stake of tidewood. The cross is a symbol of Christs suffering and pain of war, and the stake represents destruction and evil. Purple drips signifies royalty, suggesting that these men should be treated like kings after the service theyve put into their country. Kenneth Slessor has produced a solemn and sincere poem to soldiers that died at war during WWII. He has conveyed the unity between soldiers of all nations through literary devices and techniques.

Equal Employment Opportunity Essay Example

Equal Employment Opportunity Essay Example Equal Employment Opportunity Essay Equal Employment Opportunity Essay Phase 1 Individual Project HRMT215-1302A-02: Management of Human Resources April 15, 2013 The responsibility of the EEOC, which is Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is to enforce the law, rules, and regulations in relation to equity in the workplace. In this paper, I am a human resource professional, and I am preparing to train the line supervisors on their responsibility to make sure that they are staying within the law and regulations of the EEOC.When hiring for job positions or firing employees for things that they are doing on the job, there are many rules and regulations that has to be following, to ensure that the appropriate course of action is being taken. There are many decisions that has to be made to avoid litigations, substantial fines, or accidents that can harm the business. With the appropriate compliance training, this can be avoided. With the proper compliance training the employee and the supervisors can be instructed about all the laws and regulations that ap plies to them and the work that they are doing in the business.Many employees and managers are not aware of all the rules and regulations that goes along with the work that they do on a daily basis and don’t know what the impact is on how certain circumstances are to be handled. The compliance training will help the business and employees react appropriately when a situation comes up, stay safe, and avoid making any type of mistakes in the business. There are many areas that are covered in compliance training, such as privacy, safety, family medical leave (FMLA), transportation, overtime issues, sexual harassment, discrimination, and accommodations for employees who has disabilities.The type of training that the managers and employee receive and the timeframe of the training depends on the kind of business the organization has and the specific jobs that they are required to do. Compliance training can be used to help decrease and avoid unnecessary issues to the business. The influence that the EEOC has on the way an organization operates is a positive influence. The EEOC job is to enforce any laws that are in relation to discrimination on the employees based on the race, religion, color, national origin, sex, age, genetic information or disability. The first influence is the imitation and direction that is imposed by the Administration and Congress, which explain the main changes of the EEOC operations of enforcement over a period of time (EEOC, 2013). The main methods that are employed by the EEOC in the inception because it is what is permitted by the law are education, outreach, conciliation, and technical assistance. The EEOC achieves an integrated approach that links each of the activities to adjust to new and innovative programs, such as mediation or alternative dispute resolution, which has become a very effective tool that is used to resolve any disputes in the business (EEOC, 2013).The second influence is that it encourage thorough investigatio ns and systemic lawsuits of class members effected. Another influence is the need to find any issues, concerns, or problems in relation to the operation of the agency. The strength of the EEOC has helped greatly in the ability to rise all of the challenges and should continue to focus on the main values of fairness, efficiency, effectiveness, and civil rights that is enforced in all organizations (EEOC, 2013).The role that the HR plays in making sure that compliance to labor laws and regulations are to help the business in the area of managing the compliance with all the main human resource, employee benefit regulations, and compensation that the business recognize. The human resource is responsible for managing operational critical performances and liability by the employees and each of the other members in the organization. The human resource department has to inform to the fullest o the relevant compliance, ethics, and responsibilities of the company.The human resource department is to recognize all the behaviors of the contactors and employees with may cause an exposure to the management team or the company, understand how and when they are supposed to report to the legal counselors or compliance officer for investigation, and have a clear understanding as to how and when they need to document the efforts for managing responsibilities, which assist in gaining evidence on the efforts of compliance that is needed to promote the abilities of the organization or the management team.The implication on HR policies of 2 of the labor laws or regulations that were implemented in the last 10 years are wage and child labor laws. The wage law states that employees are entitled to a minimum ways of no less than $7. 25 per hour, which became effective on July 24, 2009 and overtime pay at a rate of no less than one and one half of the regular pay rate after 40 hours. The child labor law states that no minor under the age of 16 can be employed, permitted, suffered or in c onnection with any occupation at any time. ReferencesCliff notes (2013). HR Management: Laws and Regulations. Retrieved from cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/HR-Management-Laws-and-Regulations. topicArticleId-8944,articleId-8892. html Compare Business Products (2013). Use HR Effectively to Ramp Up Effectiveness of Compliance and Risk Management Efforts. Retrieved from comparebusinessproducts. com/briefs/use-hr-effectively-ramp-effectiveness-compliance-risk EEOC (2013). 35 Yeas of Ensuring the Promise of Opportunity. Retrieved from eeoc. gov/eeoc/history/35th/history/

PABLO PICASSO, Les Demoiselles dAvignon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PABLO PICASSO, Les Demoiselles dAvignon - Essay Example Picasso made use of different shades of color to bring out harmony within the brothel. For instance, the use of the light blue color is used to bring out the light and curtain and clothing the women are using to cover their bodies. The use of color is used in bring out the differences in the way these women look and the feel of the surrounding. The dark brown colors in some of the women shoe that they are darker than other women. While, two women behind the curtains are shown to have dark faces and this shows they are indigenous women. The colors used in the painting are a hue of light brown, brown and blue colors used to bring out the features of all the five women. These colors complement each other and they are used in perfectly showing the looks of all these women. In terms of space, Picasso did a great job in reducing the space within which the subjects of the painting were placed (Apollinaire 147). The foreground, he made use of dark colors and lighter in the middle ground while at the back, dark colors were also used. The figures of the women were modeled using different hues of light with women in the foreground having light features and those in the background having dark features. The perspective that we get from the picture is that, Picasso gives an expression of women who were standing close to one another. This is because; the light and color of all the women are nearly all the same. Picasso made of straight edged lines and cube like features to show the poor state in which the women were in (Bohm-Duchen 207). The first picture that a person gets when he sees the picture is that the artist has the intention of painting a certain scene in an enclosed room. This is because Picasso does not draw the whole room and only centers on the five women in the brothel (Apollinaire 165). Moreover, Picasso made use of two dimensional figures to

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Case analysis - Essay Example apacity of other top flying English Premiership league clubs such as Chelsea, Manchester United, and Arsenal, who are the main competitors of Tottenham Hotspur. For this reason, the club plans to build a new stadium that can have a capacity of more than 36,500 so as to remain competitive as the other premier league clubs. Daniel Levy, the current and longtime chairman of Tottenham Hotspur football club, was therefore contemplating on building of the new stadium. He believed that by building new Stadium, Tottenham Hotspur will be able to accrue additional revenue that will make them have a voice in the transfer market for good players. The Tottenham Hotspur football club has a stadium whose capacity is small as compared to the stadium capacity of other top competitors such as Arsenal, Chelsea, and Manchester United. This makes them disadvantaged as they are not able to accrue enough revenue from the stadium attendance as compared to their competitors. This is evidenced because despite having 20 million of fans worldwide and 2.1 million of fans in the United Kingdom, few attendance revenues are always raised as the stadium has no capacity to accommodate all the fans who are willing to watch a Tottenham Hotspur match. For instance, when all the 36500 seats are occupied during the match day, 20,000 people are always on the waiting list for the tickets. Because of the limited stadium capacity, the club accrues less revenue as compared to the other top competitors. The fewer revenues accrued make the club less competitive in the transfer market as compared to the other clubs like Arsenal and Manchester United. For this reasons, the club will not be able to purchase good players who can make the club be top four in the league. Lack of top four positions in the league makes the club lose television broadcast revenue and champions league revenues. To increase the attendance revenues of the club, the club intends to build a new stadium that can increase the stadium

The Globalization And Localization Factors That Affect Next Marketing Essay

The Globalization And Localization Factors That Affect Next Marketing Essay In todays world international business have become easier because of the globalization. International business now has grown over the years because of the benefits it has offered to the world. In this report I will be focussing on the International strategies of the brand NEXT which has business. Next is one of the main fashion labels s and it is certainly one of the biggest Multi-national these days. This report will also focus on micro and macro factors that affect the company. Then I will be considering the globalization and localization factors that affect NEXT. Key environmental variables and core competence with relation to its international strategy. In the end recommendations would be made for the development of the companys international operations. Next was established in 1864 in Leeds as J Hepworth Son, Gentlemans Tailors. The company started with women wear store in 1982 and then gradually upgraded to men, children and interiors. The company was named NEXT in 1986. Now NEXT is a retailer based in UK. It offers its customers stylish and good quality products in different sectors like clothes, footwear and also home products. NEXT distributes its products to the customers by three main channels. These channels are the NEXT Retail, a chain of 500stores in the UK; and the Next Directory, which is a direct mail catalogue and transactional website with more than 2million customers and Next International, with more than 170 stores overseas. (www.nextplc.co.uk, 2009). According to Rugman Hodgetts (2002) International Business is defined as different forms of business transaction taking place across national borders for the purpose of satisfying the needs of individuals and organisations. International business has become more common in past few decades and it has helped many poor countries to grow and has allowed some developing countries to grow more. Across the border transactions have allowed the multi-national companies to reduce their production cost by going to the less developed countries where wage rate is lesser than their own countries. According to Griffin and Pustay (2006), International business consists of the business transactions which are made between two or more countries. For example NEXT buy material from a country and ship it to Srilanka or Bangladesh for stitching and then it goes to different countries to the retail stores of NEXT. Nexts mission is to be the first choice of its customers in the UK and overseas for people who want quality, style and affordable prices. In todays world fashion is changing very frequently so the retailers like Next have to offer its customers with the new products. They just want their customer satisfaction by providing them with the better quality and design with compared to their competitors. Next strategy is to target different group of customers who not only look for good quality but also the better prices. It offers its customers of different classes with affordable prices. According to Gerald Tellis (1989), price is a very important variable in forming a strategy for a business. The public policy makers main focus is to check if they customers are getting reasonable prices for the products they are buying or if they are getting value for money. Another point that he mentions about what the economists look at, if the higher-price products are of good quality or the retailers are charging their customers more than the product worth. Nexts strategy is, they always look for their customer satisfaction by providing them with the affordable prices and the modern style, so that they dont get disappointed. According to Antony Dnes (1995), franchising is a better way to expand your business. Better understanding of franchising could result in successful revival of a business. Franchising authority awards different franchises to the producers by offering them the lowest prices for specific quantity and quality. Next have 170 franchise stores in different countries and have different price ranges for different countries. Nexts Strategy: According to Nexts Annual report of 2009 (ir3.quartalflife.com), their main strategy is to achieve their financial objective which is the delivery of sustainable long term growth in their shareholders value. In 2009 their EPS have gone down, so it is very hard for them to cover up quickly so it is a bit challenging for Next. But they are confident that their long term objectives can be achieved by the strategies they have made after 2009. The board needs to manage its strategic risks to deliver the long term benefits to its stake holders. This strategy has just been planned on normal basis to know how to achieve their goals, but Next is facing challenges from its competitors for example Marks Spencer have opened a eco-factory in Srilanka which would help them reducing their cost, as the plant in that factory is solar so it would use less electricity. So Next has to come up with something special to cut down its cost of production and be able to achieve its financial objectives. Thei r main focus is to improve and develop their range of products in different parts of the world and keep its customers with in the fashion world. They have given their stores a demanding financial criteria and those stores must meet those figures before other investments are made. They are also trying to increase their customers who are shopping by using their Next Directory. They have also considered increasing their gross and net margins by better sourcing and controlling the cost of their products. Macro-environment According to Jobber D, (2007) macro environment consists of environmental issues that may affect business performances. This analysis takes into account those factors such as political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental changes. For successful marketing strategy the company has to focus on these changes, bearing in mind that all these factors are interlinked with each other. Political/Legal The current economic condition faced by the world economy has forced the UK government to take serious notes on their legislations. For instance the recent decrease in VAT was a strategy to increase consumer spending, which was a positive implementation for the current economic condition, however, it did not affected a lot as the government failed to raise consumer lending by financial institutions. This failure of government approach affected NEXT as the peak season (Christmas Sale) went without high sales. Mr Wolfson (CEO) of Next plc has also mentioned the same situation in one of his interviews regarding government policy to tackle the economic conditions. (www.ft.com, 2009). The government latest intervention to kick start the economy was to cut down its interest rate to its all time low last month. The company can benefit from it as it has the opportunity to borrow the money at a very less interest rate. Moreover, NEXT has also got opportunity to attract more investment through share in the stock exchange, as savers will be more willing to invest their money instead of saving it on such a low rate. Economic Since the end of the year 2007 and early start 2008 the world economy was struck by reverse economic condition since 1990. With less consumer spending and global financial institutions collapsing it has resulted in Next share prices plunging. Current affairs show that Next need to survive the economic turbulence instead of its growth. However, companys branding and well established customer loyalty will help the company to survive in this downturn. Socio-culture Speaking of the socio-cultural future it should be mentioned that people retire earlier these days, as well as working shorter hours. Average working hours per week have decreased over the last 20 years. As a result many people have more spare time. This means they have time to compare prices in the High Street and the quality of goods and services from retailers. But as a result, they spend more time in the shops. Another issue these days is the Child Labour. Due to efficient media consumer are well informed and therefore this awareness challenges them to care. They dont want to buy just a product but they look beyond into the production process, labour used, etc. That leads to the issue of child labour in the clothing retail sector. There are companies who rely on it in order to be competitive in the domestic market. For example Marks Spencer had been accused of using child labour in Indonesia in 1999. Once the customers become aware of such practices, companies get into real trouble if they do not respond immediately. Consumers do look for best price but not at the cost of their ethics. NEXT has taken a good care of this and is never found involved in this. (www.hausarbeiten.com, 2009). Environment After looking at the current position and the threats from the different green organizations regarding global warming NEXT has taken many environmental friendly steps. Firstly its 98 stores recycle cardboard and plastic. Annually 11,935 tonnes of cardboard and polythene is recycled that is reused in making 12 million hangers. It has also decreased 7.1% carbon dioxide emission per 1000 parcel delivered/collected. (www.nextplc.co.uk, 2009) Technology Next is equipped with the latest technology in order to compete with their competitors. They have a team of 100 technologists to ensure that they sell safe products. Their technologists have developed specific manuals for the suppliers to ensure they comply with the law and safety and performance standards. (www.nextplc.co.uk, 2009) Micro-environment: According to Jobber (2007), micro-environment consists of the actors in the firms immediate environment that affects its capabilities to operate effectively in the chosen market. The main factors are customers, suppliers and competitors. Customers: According to Jobber (2007), customers are at the centre of the marketing philosophy and effort. So it is very important to satisfy your customers and understand their actual needs. In 2003, the main customer for NEXT were aged 25-44, but in 2008 that has changed to 20-34-years-old (www.nextplc.co.uk). Therefore, it seems to be that the NEXT is now attracting more young customers. The next always had good quality, good reputation and excellent customer service. The other is that they have also varied their product and introduced more style into it. Its online service is also becoming popular. Suppliers and Distributors: According to Jobber (2007), business is really influenced by the suppliers of a company. Next wants its suppliers to work with them closely, and they are committed to provide their customers with the products which are made in tidy and safe environment. Their main aims are to communicate their moral standards to the suppliers, and to promote good work places in the countries where their suppliers are, and to build capacity with the international chain of suppliers. Next by itself is a retailer so it reaches its customers by franchises and online web orders. It has also the Online Web directory, from where its customers can buy the products they want and also they have broachers and catalogues to sell their products to the end customers. Competitors: Next has two main competitors Debenhams and Marks and Spencer Group. Due to the recession many multi-nationals sales and their profit has gone down, and now they are making strategies to achieve their objectives. Because of the recession companys were unable to achieve their planned growth and targets. Because of economic downturn many companies have fallen to make cuts in their aspects of business. This could be a good short-term solution but it could cause problems for providing the customers with the quality and efficiency they want in the products. MSs net profit has gone down in 2009 if compared to 2008s figures. In 2008, its Net profit was  £821m which was recorded as  £506m and their earning per share has also dropped by 35.7p per share, as it was 43.6p in 2008 where as in 2009 it was recorded as 28.0p. But they are now trying to cover up their net profit of last year by eco-factory in Srilanka which would help them save their costs of production as it uses the solar power so it would use less electricity. They have planned,(Plan A) to response to the challenges and has set sustainability targets for 2012, and the commitments to achieve their goals. They have now started online international delivery to 80 countries, which could help them gain more customers all over the world as people would not have to visit the store or if they do not have any store nearby they can still get the MS products online (corporate.marksandspencer.com). Debenhams Annual report for 2009 shows that its net profit and EPS have grown as compared to 2008. Net profit was recorded as  £95.1m in 2009, whereas in 2008 it was  £77.1m and their EPS was noted as 10.0p in 2009 and in 2008 it was 9.0p per share. Their main strategy to boost up their business in the future is to have more space for their stores, have multi-channel expansion and balance sheet optimisation, which would help them. In this era of recession Debenhams have managed to make more profit then the previous year by their strategies. According to their report of 2009, market shares gains have been achieved on a regular basis for some two years. This shows that they have been planning for their business very well so that they can overcome any hurdle. (www.investis.com) If we see the financial report of Next for 2009, it is a bit disappointing for them as its Net Profit has gone down from  £353.9m to  £302.3 in 2008 to 2009 respectively. And the EPS has dropped by 12.7p per share as it was 168.7p in 2008 and in 2009 it decreased to 156.0p per share. (ir3.quartalflife.com) Globalization Localisation drivers: According to Ricky and Putsay (2006), international business has grown very quickly in the past ten years that many experts believe this era to be the era of globalization. According to him Globalization can be defined as the inexorable integration of markets, nation-states, and technologies. Globalization has now enabled the people to reach around the world more quickly and cheaply than ever before. The world is getting closer day-by-day in terms of business, now it is normal that a company would do business with companies in other countries. It has now led to the escalation of international trade in the economies of the world. Next has been very benefited by the globalization as it has been able to get the products stitched at very cheap price from the Asian countries. Globalization drivers Next understands the needs of its customers from different areas of the world and offer them with affordable prices. Next have very effective marketing channels like accessing the customers via internet, fashion magazines, TV etc. According to Simpson and Thorpe (1999), understanding differences between customers and difference in terms of product and service expectation is very important for international expansion. Next understands the need of its customers and provides its customers with the up-to-date fashion and it keeps them with the rapidly changing style with affordable prices. According to Ricky and Putsay (2006), importance of the foreign direct investment is also increasing because of globalization. It was just 2.4% in 1980 but by 2004 FDI equalled almost 22% of years GDP. It can help the business to grow internationally and earn more profit for the company. FDI can help the business in different ways. For example if Next goes to do business in Pakistan, the currency fluctuation would help Next, as in when it invest in Pakistan it would invest in Pakistani rupees and after getting the product and selling here in UK in pounds would definitely help to boost their sales profits. They would get cheap labour in Pakistan so they would save their production cost. As Pakistan is still a developing country so it would want multi-nationals to invest there, and they may provide Next with Tax Subsidiary for some time. Core Competence: According to Ricky and Putsay (2006), a core competence is a distinctive strength or advantage that is central to a firms operation. The companys main strength would be its core competence over its competitors. The company needs to identify the things they do well. Nexts core competence over its customers is it targets a wide range of people from different classes by offering the products and style they want with affordable prices. They also have been focussing on expanding their business in different parts of the world through franchising. It has also created its brand image overseas, which is very important for a company. According to Keller (1993), brand image is perception about a brand as reflected by the brand associations held in customer memory. Nexts brand image helps the business to grow much faster for example if a person has a good perception of Next in his mind, he would tell his friends and the people he knows to buy its products, which is a very efficient way of market ing. Next has an edge over its competitors that it is targeting the market which comprises of mainly the youngsters. As youngsters are more into fashion then anyone so it helps Next to get more customers then its competitors. As mentioned earlier, Next strategy is to provide its customers with the quality and style they want with affordable prices whereas if we look at the prices of its competitors, they target higher class. Recommendations: Next should try to bring more innovation in cloth manufacturing because by doing this they could attract more and more young customers to buy their products and also concentrate on the changing trends in the fashion world. Because of the economic crisis all over the world people do not want to spend more, so Next should do price cutting in their products and have promotional offers in the store to attract more people. Next needs to follow its competitors, as it is the era of global warming, so they should work on making the world eco-friendly by building plants like MS did, it would also reduce the production cost for them. To promote its brand Next could also target the markets where they have suppliers and the neighbouring countries for example if they are manufacturing there products in Bangladesh, they could target the neighbouring countries as there are a lot of emerging economies so it would help them grow their business in those economies. And if they promote their business in countries like Pakistan where they would not have a lot of competition as Next has a well-known brand name and the competitors would not be able to compete with their strategies and they could make much profit from these types of markets.